Adhesion Science and Surface Analysis. Typical Examples

A number of surface modification methods using mechanical, chemical, electrochemical or physical processes have commonly been employed to treat adherend surfaces and improve adhesion in various bi- or multi-layered systems which play a key role in many advanced technologies. Results reported in this review paper deal more particularly with components of polymer-metal systems and provide typical examples of surface analysis obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), ion scattering spectrometry (ISS), low-energy electron induced x-ray spectrometry (LEEIXS), optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) and Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry (FTIR). These examples concern, on the one hand, metallic adherends (aluminum, stainless steel, zinc-coated steel, gold) the surfaces of which were modified by cleaning, etching, oxidation, conversion or chemical grafting and, on the other hand, bonded joints (polyester-steel and epoxy-aluminum systems) which were delaminated using a peel test and a three-point flexure test, respectively.     

SYSTEMS EDUCATION AT THE FIELDING INSTITUTE

This is an exposition of the post-graduate program evolving at the Fielding Institute to train professionals in social praxis—ting system theory and methods into programs that effect social change. We illustrate herein how the practice of intervention in social systems calls upon systems praxis, and we argue that the practitioners must have, in addition to a background in the social sciences, a pragmatic access to theories of personal, social and institutional change. The foundation of an education for systems praxis requires intermingling theoretical ideas with skills that can affect the social system. We propose three essential elements for the education of system practitioners: (1) the process of decision-making. (2) processes of inquiry suitable to living systems at personal and at societal levels, and (3) system thinking. Finally, we describe how the whole process requires self-reflection and personal maturity to maintain authentic human engagement     

REMARKS TOWARD A GENERAL THEORY OF ORGANIZATION

The paper contains the following elements: (1) a discussion of the role of logical formalisms in scientific theory as a way of establishing legitimacy for general organization theory, (2) a discursive account of the relation between information and entropy in endosomatic and exosomatic evolution, and the deficiencies in such an approach, (3) a formal derivation of the relation between organization, information, and entropy utilizing the work of Brillouin and Watanabe and notions from statistical mechanics, and (4) an application of the theory of organization to the evolution of the scientific process, as well as some suggestions for applications elsewhere.     

湖北省洪水风险图成果报告中的关键问题探讨

洪水风险图编制是防灾减灾中一项重要的非工程措施,而其成果报告是指导洪水风险图应用的关键。就洪水风险图成果报告中的基础资料、模型构建、计算条件、模型验证和成果整理等关键问题进行了全面深入的探讨;针对不同的具体问题提出了相应的解决方案。研究成果可为湖北省洪水风险图成果报告编制与应用提供科技支撑,对其他省份或地区洪水风险图成果报告编制具有借鉴意义。     

我国海绵城市建设中的水科学难题

在总结我国海绵城市建设实践和相关研究成果的基础上,分析海绵城市建设提出的背景和承载的期望以及可能存在的问题,从水科学学科体系的10个方面(水文学、水资源、水环境、水安全、水工程、水经济、水法律、水文化、水信息、水教育),阐述水科学在海绵城市建设中的应用和海绵城市建设中可能遇到的6方面水科学难题:海绵城市建设水文效应与水系统模型、水资源高效利用机理及方案优选、面源污染物通过土壤渗虑消减机理及效应、"渗、蓄、滞"作用机理与城市雨洪计算、水安全风险管控及适应机制、水管理体系研究,并初步提出这些难题的解决途径,旨在为海绵城市建设的研究和实施提供参考。     

The optimal level of fuzz: case studies in a methodology for psychological research

Cognitive science research is hard to conduct, because researchers must take phenomena from the world and turn them into laboratory tasks for which a reasonable level of experimental control can be achieved. Consequently, research necessarily makes tradeoffs between internal validity (experimental control) and external validity (the degree to which a task represents behaviour outside of the lab). Researchers are thus seeking the best possible trade-off between these constraints, which we refer to as the optimal level of fuzz. We present two principles for finding the optimal level of fuzz, in research, and then illustrate these principles using research from motivation, individual differences and cognitive neuroscience.     

Optimal control of LQG problem with an explicit trade-off between mean and variance

For discrete-time linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problems, a utility function on the expectation and the variance of the conventional performance index is considered. The utility function is viewed as an overall objective of the system and can perform the optimal trade-off between the mean and the variance of performance index. The nonlinear utility function is first converted into an auxiliary parameters optimisation problem about the expectation and the variance. Then an optimal closed-loop feedback controller for the nonseparable mean–variance minimisation problem is designed by nonlinear mathematical programming. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the algorithm's effectiveness obtained in this article.     

Cross-Campus Collaboration to Produce Camtasia-Enhanced Lessons to Improve Distance Learning

This pilot study examines the use of Camtasia-enhanced lessons to supplement distance education provided to medical laboratory science students. More programs of study are available as distance learning opportunities, creating challenges to find better ways to present material. Librarians provided technical expertise necessary to produce a Camtasia video. This helped instructors prepare engaging lectures for phlebotomy to supplement the PowerPoint presentations and self-directed lessons provided in previous courses. Medical laboratory science faculty collaborated with library staff to produce videos that demonstrate proper phlebotomy technique using training personnel and faculty, whom the students eventually interact with in the clinical environment.     

皮层GABA受体诱导的失神发作

利用生物物理平均场模型,通过在皮层引人慢抑制性中间神经元集群,发现抑制性受体GABAa和GABAb在通路抑制性中间神经元集群(IIN)-兴奋性锥体神经元集群(EPN)中均参与了失神发作的调控。特别地,棘慢波放电(SWDs)的出现与一个尺度因子K有关,其被定义为受体GABAa和GABAb的相对强度;由于GABAb受体的慢动力学也是一个致痫因子,因此通过尺度因子K和GABAb时滞t2的状态分析,发现它们可以共同诱导失神发作。这些结果对GABA受体如何诱导失神发作提供了理论指导,并可能为这种脑部疾病的治疗提供新的见解。     

神经动力学与力学

本文回顾力学研究体系的发展,简要介绍神经动力学的主要内容及其作用,探讨神经动力学与力学的密切关系,并提出一些研究展望。